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.TH import 1 "1 May 1994" "ImageMagick"
.SH NAME
import - capture some or all of an X server screen and save the image to
a file.
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B "import"
[ \fIoptions\fP ... ] [ \fIfile\fP ]
.SH DESCRIPTION
\fBimport\fP reads an image from any visible window on an X server and
outputs it as an image file. You can capture a single window, the
entire screen, or any rectangular portion of the screen. Use
\fBdisplay\fP (see \fBdisplay(1)\fP) for redisplay, printing, editing,
formatting, archiving, image processing, etc. of the captured image.
.PP
The target window can be specified by id, name, or may be selected by
clicking the mouse in the desired window. If you press a button and
then drag, a rectangle will form which expands and contracts as
the mouse moves. To save the portion of the screen defined by the
rectangle, just release the button. The keyboard bell is rung once at
the beginning of the screen capture and twice when it completes.
.PP
.SH EXAMPLES
.PP
To select an X window with the mouse and save it in the MIFF image
format to a file titled window.miff, use:
.PP
.B
import window.miff
.PP
To select an X window and save it in the Encapsulated Postscript format
to include in another document, use:
.PP
.B
import figure.eps
.PP
To capture the entire X server screen in the JPEG image format in a file
titled root.jpeg, use:
.PP
.B
import -window root root.jpeg
.SH OPTIONS
\fBimport\fP options can appear on the command line or in your X resources
file (see \fBX(1)\fP). Options on the command line supersede values specified
in your X resources file.
.TP
.B "-border"
include image borders in the output image.
.B "-colors \fIvalue\fP"
preferred number of colors in the image.
The actual number of colors in the image may be less than your request,
but never more. Note, this is a color reduction option. Images with
less unique colors than specified with this option will remain unchanged.
Refer to \fBquantize(9)\fP for more details.
Note, options \fB-dither\fP, \fB-colorspace\fP, and \fB-treedepth\fP affect
the color reduction algorithm.
.TP
.B "-colorspace \fIvalue\fP"
the type of colorspace: \fBGRAY\fP, \fBOHTA\fP, \fBRGB\fP,
\fBTransparent\fP, \fBXYZ\fP, \fBYCbCr\fP, \fBYIQ\fP, \fBYPbPr\fP, or
\fBYUV\fP.
Color reduction, by default, takes place in the RGB color space.
Empirical evidence suggests that distances in color spaces such as YUV
or YIQ correspond to perceptual color differences more closely
than do distances in RGB space. These color spaces may give better
results when color reducing an image. Refer to \fBquantize(9)\fP for
more details.
The \fBTransparent\fP color space behaves uniquely in that it preserves
the matte channel of the image if it exists.
The \fB-colors\fP or \fB-monochrome\fP option is required for this option
to take effect.
.TP
.B "-comment \fIstring\fP"
annotate an image with a comment.
By default, each image is commented with its file name. Use this
option to assign a specific comment to the image. Optionally you can
include the image filename, type, width, height, or scene number by
embedding special format characters. Embed \fB%f\fP for filename,
\fB%d\fP for directory, \fB%e\fP for filename extention, \fB%t\fP for
top of filename, \fB%m\fP for magick, \fB%w\fP for width, \fB%h\fP for
height, \fB%s\fP for scene number, \fB%b\fP for file size, or \fB\\n\fP
for newline. For example,
.nf
-comment "%m:%f %wx%h"
.fi
produces an image comment of \fBMIFF:bird.miff 512x480\fP for an image
titled \fBbird.miff\fP and whose width is 512 and height is 480.
If the first character of \fIstring\fP is \fB@\fP, the image comment is read
from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string.
.TP
.B "-compress \fItype\fP"
the type of image compression: \fIZlib\fP or \fIRunlengthEncoded\fP.
See \fBmiff(5)\fP for details.
Specify \fB\+compress\fP to store the binary image in an uncompressed format.
The default is the compression type of the specified image file.
.TP
.B "-crop \fI<width>{%}x<height>{%}{\+-}<x offset>{\+-}<y offset>\fP"
preferred size and location of the cropped image. See \fBX(1)\fP for details
about the geometry specification.
To specify a percentage width or height instead, append \fB%\fP. For example
to crop the image by ten percent on all sides of the image, use \fB-crop 10%\fP.
Use cropping to crop a particular area of an image. Use \fB-crop
0x0\fP to remove edges that are the background color.
.TP
.B "-delay \fIseconds\fP"
pause before selecting target window.
This option is useful when you need time to ready the target window before
it is captured to a file.
.TP
.B "-density \fI<width>x<height>\fP
vertical and horizontal resolution in pixels of the image.
This option specifies an image density when decoding a Postscript or Portable
Document page. The default is 72 pixels per inch in the horizontal and
vertical direction.
.TP
.B "-descend"
obtain image by descending window hierarchy.
This option reads each subwindow and its colormap of the chosen window.
The final image is guaranteed to have the correct colors but obtaining
the image is significantly slower.
.TP
.B "-display \fIhost:display[.screen]\fP"
specifies the X server to contact; see \fBX(1)\fP.
.TP
.B "-dispose \fImethod\fP"
GIF disposal method.
Here are the valid methods:
.nf
0 No disposal specified.
1 Do not dispose.
2 Restore to background color.
3 Restore to previous.
.fi
.TP
.B "-dither"
apply Floyd/Steinberg error diffusion to the image.
The basic strategy of dithering is to trade intensity resolution for
spatial resolution by averaging the intensities of several neighboring
pixels. Images which suffer from severe contouring when reducing colors
can be improved with this option.
The \fB-colors\fP option is required for dithering to take effect.
.TP
.B "-frame"
include window manager frame.
.TP
.B "-geometry \fI<width>{%}x<height>{%}{!}{<}{>}"\fP
the width and height of the image.
By default, the width and height are maximum values. That is, the
image is expanded or contracted to fit the width and height value while
maintaining the aspect ratio of the image. Append an exclamation point
to the geometry to force the image size to exactly the size you
specify. For example, if you specify \fB640x480!\fP the image width is
set to 640 pixels and height to 480. If only one factor is
specified, both the width and height assume the value.
To specify a percentage width or height instead, append \fB%\fP. The
image size is multiplied by the width and height percentages to obtain
the final image dimensions. To increase the size of an image, use a
value greater than 100 (e.g. 125%). To decrease an image's size, use a
percentage less than 100.
Use \fB>\fP to change the dimensions of the image \fIonly\fP
if its size exceeds the geometry specification. \fB<\fP resizes
the image \fIonly\fP if its dimensions is less than the geometry
specification. For example, if you specify \fB640x480>\fP and the
image size is 512x512, the image size does not change. However, if
the image is 1024x1024, it is resized to 640x480.
.TP
.B "-interlace \fItype\fP"
the type of interlacing scheme: \fBNone\fP, \fBLine\fP, \fBPlane\fP, or
\fBPartition\fP. The default is \fBPlane\fP.
This option is used to specify the type of interlacing scheme for raw
image formats such as \fBRGB\fP or \fBYUV\fP. \fBNone\fP means do not
interlace (RGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGB...), \fBLine\fP uses scanline
interlacing (RRR...GGG...BBB...RRR...GGG...BBB...), and \fBPlane\fP uses
plane interlacing (RRRRRR...GGGGGG...BBBBBB...). \fBPartition\fP is like
plane except the different planes are saved to individual files (e.g.
image.R, image.G, and image.B).
Use \fBLine\fP, or \fBPlane\fP to create an interlaced GIF or progressive
JPEG image.
.B "-label \fIname\fP"
assign a label to an image.
Use this option to assign a specific label to the image. Optionally
you can include the image filename, type, width, height, or scene
number in the label by embedding special format characters. Embed
\fB%f\fP for filename, \fB%d\fP for directory, \fB%e\fP for filename
extention, \fB%t\fP for top of filename, \fB%m\fP for magick, \fB%w\fP
for width, \fB%h\fP for height, or \fB%s\fP for scene number, \fB%b\fP
for file size in kilobytes, or \fB\\n\fP for newline. For example,
.nf
-label "%m:%f %wx%h"
.fi
produces an image label of \fBMIFF:bird.miff 512x480\fP for an image
titled \fBbird.miff\fP and whose width is 512 and height is 480.
If the first character of \fIstring\fP is \fB@\fP, the image label is read
from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string.
When converting to Postscript, use this option to specify a header string
to print above the image.
.TP
.B "-monochrome"
transform image to black and white.
.TP
.B "-negate"
apply color inversion to image.
The red, green, and blue intensities of an image are negated. Use
\fB+negate\fP to only negate the grayscale pixels of the image.
.TP
.B "-page \fI<width>x<height>{\+-}<x offset>{\+-}<y offset>\fP"
preferred size and location of the Postscript page.
Use this option to specify the dimensions of the Postscript page in
pixels per inch or a TEXT page in pixels. The default for a Postscript page is
to center the image on a letter page 612 by 792 pixels. The
margins are 1/2" (i.e. 612x792+42+42). Other common sizes are:
Letter 612x 792
Tabloid 792x1224
Ledger 1224x 792
Legal 612x1008
Statement 396x 612
Executive 540x 720
A3 842x1190
A4 595x 842
A5 420x 595
B4 729x1032
B5 516x 729
Folio 612x 936
Quarto 610x 780
10x14 720x1008
.PP
For convenience you can specify the page size by media (e.g.
A4, Ledger, etc.).
.PP
To place a Postscript image with a given size on a given location on a
page, use -page +HOFFSET+VOFFSET -geometry WIDTHxHEIGHT (fill in
numbers). Note: this is only for generating Postscript, not Encapsulated
Postscript.
.PP
To position a GIF image, use -page +LEFT+TOP (e.g. -page +100+200).
.PP
The default page dimensions for a TEXT image is 612x792.
.TP
.B "-quality \fIvalue\fP"
JPEG quality setting.
Quality is 0 (worst) to 100 (best). The default is 75.
.TP
.B "-rotate \fIdegrees{<}{>}\fP"
apply Paeth image rotation to the image.
Use \fB>\fP to rotate the image \fIonly\fP if its width exceeds the
height. \fB<\fP rotates the image \fIonly\fP if its width is less than
the height. For example, if you specify \fB-90>\fP and the image size
is 480x640, the image is not rotated by the specified angle. However,
if the image is 640x480, it is rotated by -90 degrees.
Empty triangles left over from rotating the image are filled with
the color defined as \fBbordercolor\fP (class \fBborderColor\fP).
.TP
.B "-scene \fIvalue\fP"
image scene number.
.TP
.B "-screen"
This option indicates that the GetImage request used to obtain the image
should be done on the root window, rather than directly on the specified
window. In this way, you can obtain pieces of other windows that overlap
the specified window, and more importantly, you can capture menus or other
popups that are independent windows but appear over the specified window.
.TP
.B "-transparency \fIcolor\fP"
make this color transparent within the image.
.TP
.B "-treedepth \fIvalue\fP"
Normally, this integer value is zero or one. A zero or one tells
\fBconvert\fP to choose a optimal tree depth for the color reduction
algorithm.
An optimal depth generally allows the best representation of the source
image with the fastest computational speed and the least amount of
memory. However, the default depth is inappropriate for some images.
To assure the best representation, try values between 2 and 8 for this
parameter. Refer to \fBquantize(9)\fP for more details.
The \fB-colors\fP option is required for this option to take effect.
.TP
.B -verbose
print detailed information about the image.
This information is printed: image scene number; image name; image size;
the image class (\fIDirectClass\fP or \fIPseudoClass\fP); the total
number of unique colors; and the number of seconds to read and write the
image.
.TP
.B "-window \fIid\fP"
select window with this id or name.
With this option you can specify the target window by id or name rather
than using the mouse. Specify 'root' to select X's root window as the
target window.
.PP
Options are processed in command line order.
Any option you specify on the command line remains in effect until it is
explicitly changed by specifying the option again with a different effect.
.PP
Change \fI-\fP to \fI+\fP in any option above to reverse its effect. For
example \fB+frame\fP means do include window manager frame.
.PP
\fIfile\fP specifies the image filename. If \fIfile\fP is omitted, it defaults
to \fBmagick.ps\fP. The default image format is Postscript. To specify a
particular image format, precede the filename with an image format name and a
colon (i.e. gif:image) or specify the image type as the filename suffix (i.e.
image.jpg). See \fBconvert(1)\fP for a list of valid image formats.
.PP
Specify \fIfile\fP as \fI-\fP for standard output. If \fIfile\fP has
the extension \fB.Z\fP or \fB.gz\fP, the file size is compressed using
with \fBcompress\fP or \fBgzip\fP respectively. Precede the image file
name \fI|\fP to pipe to a system command. If \fIfile\fP already exists,
you will be prompted as to whether it should be overwritten.
.SH ENVIRONMENT
.PP
.TP
.B display
To get the default host, display number, and screen.
.SH SEE ALSO
.B
display(1), animate(1), montage(1), mogrify(1), convert(1),
combine(1), xtp(1)
.SH COPYRIGHT
Copyright 1997 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
.PP
Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software and
its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee,
provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that
both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in
supporting documentation, and that the name of E. I. du Pont de Nemours
and Company not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to
distribution of the software without specific, written prior
permission. E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company makes no representations
about the suitability of this software for any purpose. It is provided
"as is" without express or implied warranty.
.PP
E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company disclaims all warranties with regard
to this software, including all implied warranties of merchantability
and fitness, in no event shall E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company be
liable for any special, indirect or consequential damages or any
damages whatsoever resulting from loss of use, data or profits, whether
in an action of contract, negligence or other tortious action, arising
out of or in connection with the use or performance of this software.
.SH AUTHORS
John Cristy, E.I. du Pont De Nemours and Company Incorporated
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