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#include <config.h>
/* $Id: english.c,v 1.13 1994/11/08 13:30:50 a904209 Exp a904209 $
*/
char *english_id = "$Id: english.c,v 1.13 1994/11/08 13:30:50 a904209 Exp a904209 $";
/*
** English to Phoneme rules.
**
** Derived from:
**
** AUTOMATIC TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH TEXT TO PHONETICS
** BY MEANS OF LETTER-TO-SOUND RULES
**
** NRL Report 7948
**
** January 21st, 1976
** Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C.
**
**
** Published by the National Technical Information Service as
** document "AD/A021 929".
**
**
**
** The Phoneme codes:
**
** IY bEEt IH bIt
** EY gAte EH gEt
** AE fAt AA fAther
** AO lAWn OW lOne
** UH fUll UW fOOl
** ER mURdER AX About
** AH bUt AY hIde
** AW hOW OY tOY
**
** p Pack b Back
** t Time d Dime
** k Coat g Goat
** f Fault v Vault
** TH eTHer DH eiTHer
** s Sue z Zoo
** SH leaSH ZH leiSure
** HH How m suM
** n suN NG suNG
** l Laugh w Wear
** y Young r Rate
** CH CHar j Jar
** WH WHere
**
**
** Rules are made up of four parts:
**
** The left context.
** The text to match.
** The right context.
** The phonemes to substitute for the matched text.
**
** Procedure:
**
** Seperate each block of letters (apostrophes included)
** and add a space on each side. For each unmatched
** letter in the word, look through the rules where the
** text to match starts with the letter in the word. If
** the text to match is found and the right and left
** context patterns also match, output the phonemes for
** that rule and skip to the next unmatched letter.
**
**
** Special Context Symbols:
**
** # One or more vowels
** : Zero or more consonants
** ^ One consonant.
** . One of B, D, V, G, J, L, M, N, R, W or Z (voiced
** consonants)
** % One of ER, E, ES, ED, ING, ELY (a suffix)
** (Found in right context only)
** + One of E, I or Y (a "front" vowel)
**
*/
/* Context definitions */
static char Anything[] = "";
/* No context requirement */
static char Nothing[] = " ";
/* Context is beginning or end of word */
static char Silent[] = "";
/* No phonemes */
#define LEFT_PART 0
#define MATCH_PART 1
#define RIGHT_PART 2
#define OUT_PART 3
typedef char *Rule[4];
/* Rule is an array of 4 character pointers */
/*0 = Punctuation */
/*
** LEFT_PART MATCH_PART RIGHT_PART OUT_PART
*/
static Rule punct_rules[] =
{
{Anything, " ", Anything, " "},
{Anything, "-", Anything, ""},
{".", "'S", Anything, "z"},
{"#:.E", "'S", Anything, "z"},
{"#", "'S", Anything, "z"},
{Anything, "'", Anything, ""},
{Anything, ",", Anything, " "},
{Anything, ".", Anything, " "},
{Anything, "?", Anything, " "},
{Anything, "!", Anything, " "},
{Anything, 0, Anything, Silent},
};
static Rule A_rules[] =
{
{Anything, "A", Nothing, "@"},
{Nothing, "ARE", Nothing, "0r"},
{Nothing, "AR", "O", "@r"},
{Anything, "AR", "#", "er"},
{"^", "AS", "#", "eIs"},
{Anything, "A", "WA", "@"},
{Anything, "AW", Anything, "O"},
{" :", "ANY", Anything, "eni"},
{Anything, "A", "^+#", "eI"},
{"#:", "ALLY", Anything, "@li"},
{Nothing, "AL", "#", "@l"},
{Anything, "AGAIN", Anything, "@gen"},
{"#:", "AG", "E", "IdZ"},
{Anything, "A", "^+:#", "&"},
{" :", "A", "^+ ", "eI"},
{Anything, "A", "^%", "eI"},
{Nothing, "ARR", Anything, "@r"},
{Anything, "ARR", Anything, "&r"},
{" :", "AR", Nothing, "0r"},
{Anything, "AR", Nothing, "3"},
{Anything, "AR", Anything, "0r"},
{Anything, "AIR", Anything, "er"},
{Anything, "AI", Anything, "eI"},
{Anything, "AY", Anything, "eI"},
{Anything, "AU", Anything, "O"},
{"#:", "AL", Nothing, "@l"},
{"#:", "ALS", Nothing, "@lz"},
{Anything, "ALK", Anything, "Ok"},
{Anything, "AL", "^", "Ol"},
{" :", "ABLE", Anything, "eIb@l"},
{Anything, "ABLE", Anything, "@b@l"},
{Anything, "ANG", "+", "eIndZ"},
{"^", "A", "^#", "eI"},
{Anything, "A", Anything, "&"},
{Anything, 0, Anything, Silent},
};
static Rule B_rules[] =
{
{Nothing, "BE", "^#", "bI"},
{Anything, "BEING", Anything, "biIN"},
{Nothing, "BOTH", Nothing, "b@UT"},
{Nothing, "BUS", "#", "bIz"},
{Anything, "BUIL", Anything, "bIl"},
{Anything, "B", Anything, "b"},
{Anything, 0, Anything, Silent},
};
static Rule C_rules[] =
{
{Nothing, "CH", "^", "k"},
{"^E", "CH", Anything, "k"},
{Anything, "CH", Anything, "tS"},
{" S", "CI", "#", "saI"},
{Anything, "CI", "A", "S"},
{Anything, "CI", "O", "S"},
{Anything, "CI", "EN", "S"},
{Anything, "C", "+", "s"},
{Anything, "CK", Anything, "k"},
{Anything, "COM", "%", "kVm"},
{Anything, "C", Anything, "k"},
{Anything, 0, Anything, Silent},
};
static Rule D_rules[] =
{
{"#:", "DED", Nothing, "dId"},
{".E", "D", Nothing, "d"},
{"#:^E", "D", Nothing, "t"},
{Nothing, "DE", "^#", "dI"},
{Nothing, "DO", Nothing, "du"},
{Nothing, "DOES", Anything, "dVz"},
{Nothing, "DOING", Anything, "duIN"},
{Nothing, "DOW", Anything, "daU"},
{Anything, "DU", "A", "dZu"},
{Anything, "D", Anything, "d"},
{Anything, 0, Anything, Silent},
};
static Rule E_rules[] =
{
{"#:", "E", Nothing, ""},
{"':^", "E", Nothing, ""},
{" :", "E", Nothing, "i"},
{"#", "ED", Nothing, "d"},
{"#:", "E", "D ", ""},
{Anything, "EV", "ER", "ev"},
{Anything, "E", "^%", "i"},
{Anything, "ERI", "#", "iri"},
{Anything, "ERI", Anything, "erI"},
{"#:", "ER", "#", "3"},
{Anything, "ER", "#", "er"},
{Anything, "ER", Anything, "3"},
{Nothing, "EVEN", Anything, "iven"},
{"#:", "E", "W", ""},
{"T", "EW", Anything, "u"},
{"S", "EW", Anything, "u"},
{"R", "EW", Anything, "u"},
{"D", "EW", Anything, "u"},
{"L", "EW", Anything, "u"},
{"Z", "EW", Anything, "u"},
{"N", "EW", Anything, "u"},
{"J", "EW", Anything, "u"},
{"TH", "EW", Anything, "u"},
{"CH", "EW", Anything, "u"},
{"SH", "EW", Anything, "u"},
{Anything, "EW", Anything, "ju"},
{Anything, "E", "O", "i"},
{"#:S", "ES", Nothing, "Iz"},
{"#:C", "ES", Nothing, "Iz"},
{"#:G", "ES", Nothing, "Iz"},
{"#:Z", "ES", Nothing, "Iz"},
{"#:X", "ES", Nothing, "Iz"},
{"#:J", "ES", Nothing, "Iz"},
{"#:CH", "ES", Nothing, "Iz"},
{"#:SH", "ES", Nothing, "Iz"},
{"#:", "E", "S ", ""},
{"#:", "ELY", Nothing, "li"},
{"#:", "EMENT", Anything, "ment"},
{Anything, "EFUL", Anything, "fUl"},
{Anything, "EE", Anything, "i"},
{Anything, "EARN", Anything, "3n"},
{Nothing, "EAR", "^", "3"},
{Anything, "EAD", Anything, "ed"},
{"#:", "EA", Nothing, "i@"},
{Anything, "EA", "SU", "e"},
{Anything, "EA", Anything, "i"},
{Anything, "EIGH", Anything, "eI"},
{Anything, "EI", Anything, "i"},
{Nothing, "EYE", Anything, "aI"},
{Anything, "EY", Anything, "i"},
{Anything, "EU", Anything, "ju"},
{Anything, "E", Anything, "e"},
{Anything, 0, Anything, Silent},
};
static Rule F_rules[] =
{
{Anything, "FUL", Anything, "fUl"},
{Anything, "F", Anything, "f"},
{Anything, 0, Anything, Silent},
};
static Rule G_rules[] =
{
{Anything, "GIV", Anything, "gIv"},
{Nothing, "G", "I^", "g"},
{Anything, "GE", "T", "ge"},
{"SU", "GGES", Anything, "gdZes"},
{Anything, "GG", Anything, "g"},
{" B#", "G", Anything, "g"},
{Anything, "G", "+", "dZ"},
{Anything, "GREAT", Anything, "greIt"},
{"#", "GH", Anything, ""},
{Anything, "G", Anything, "g"},
{Anything, 0, Anything, Silent},
};
static Rule H_rules[] =
{
{Nothing, "HAV", Anything, "h&v"},
{Nothing, "HERE", Anything, "hir"},
{Nothing, "HOUR", Anything, "aU3"},
{Anything, "HOW", Anything, "haU"},
{Anything, "H", "#", "h"},
{Anything, "H", Anything, ""},
{Anything, 0, Anything, Silent},
};
static Rule I_rules[] =
{
{Nothing, "IAIN", Nothing, "I@n"},
{Nothing, "ING", Nothing, "IN"},
{Nothing, "IN", Anything, "In"},
{Nothing, "I", Nothing, "aI"},
{Anything, "IN", "D", "aIn"},
{Anything, "IER", Anything, "i3"},
{"#:R", "IED", Anything, "id"},
{Anything, "IED", Nothing, "aId"},
{Anything, "IEN", Anything, "ien"},
{Anything, "IE", "T", "aIe"},
{" :", "I", "%", "aI"},
{Anything, "I", "%", "i"},
{Anything, "IE", Anything, "i"},
{Anything, "I", "^+:#", "I"},
{Anything, "IR", "#", "aIr"},
{Anything, "IZ", "%", "aIz"},
{Anything, "IS", "%", "aIz"},
{Anything, "I", "D%", "aI"},
{"+^", "I", "^+", "I"},
{Anything, "I", "T%", "aI"},
{"#:^", "I", "^+", "I"},
{Anything, "I", "^+", "aI"},
{Anything, "IR", Anything, "3"},
{Anything, "IGH", Anything, "aI"},
{Anything, "ILD", Anything, "aIld"},
{Anything, "IGN", Nothing, "aIn"},
{Anything, "IGN", "^", "aIn"},
{Anything, "IGN", "%", "aIn"},
{Anything, "IQUE", Anything, "ik"},
{"^", "I", "^#", "aI"},
{Anything, "I", Anything, "I"},
{Anything, 0, Anything, Silent},
};
static Rule J_rules[] =
{
{Anything, "J", Anything, "dZ"},
{Anything, 0, Anything, Silent},
};
static Rule K_rules[] =
{
{Nothing, "K", "N", ""},
{Anything, "K", Anything, "k"},
{Anything, 0, Anything, Silent},
};
static Rule L_rules[] =
{
{Anything, "LO", "C#", "l@U"},
{"L", "L", Anything, ""},
{"#:^", "L", "%", "@l"},
{Anything, "LEAD", Anything, "lid"},
{Anything, "L", Anything, "l"},
{Anything, 0, Anything, Silent},
};
static Rule M_rules[] =
{
{Anything, "MOV", Anything, "muv"},
{"#", "MM", "#", "m"},
{Anything, "M", Anything, "m"},
{Anything, 0, Anything, Silent},
};
static Rule N_rules[] =
{
{"E", "NG", "+", "ndZ"},
{Anything, "NG", "R", "Ng"},
{Anything, "NG", "#", "Ng"},
{Anything, "NGL", "%", "Ng@l"},
{Anything, "NG", Anything, "N"},
{Anything, "NK", Anything, "Nk"},
{Nothing, "NOW", Nothing, "naU"},
{"#", "NG", Nothing, "Ng"},
{Anything, "N", Anything, "n"},
{Anything, 0, Anything, Silent},
};
static Rule O_rules[] =
{
{Anything, "OF", Nothing, "@v"},
{Anything, "OROUGH", Anything, "3@U"},
{"#:", "OR", Nothing, "3"},
{"#:", "ORS", Nothing, "3z"},
{Anything, "OR", Anything, "Or"},
{Nothing, "ONE", Anything, "wVn"},
{Anything, "OW", Anything, "@U"},
{Nothing, "OVER", Anything, "@Uv3"},
{Anything, "OV", Anything, "Vv"},
{Anything, "O", "^%", "@U"},
{Anything, "O", "^EN", "@U"},
{Anything, "O", "^I#", "@U"},
{Anything, "OL", "D", "@Ul"},
{Anything, "OUGHT", Anything, "Ot"},
{Anything, "OUGH", Anything, "Vf"},
{Nothing, "OU", Anything, "aU"},
{"H", "OU", "S#", "aU"},
{Anything, "OUS", Anything, "@s"},
{Anything, "OUR", Anything, "Or"},
{Anything, "OULD", Anything, "Ud"},
{"^", "OU", "^L", "V"},
{Anything, "OUP", Anything, "up"},
{Anything, "OU", Anything, "aU"},
{Anything, "OY", Anything, "oI"},
{Anything, "OING", Anything, "@UIN"},
{Anything, "OI", Anything, "oI"},
{Anything, "OOR", Anything, "Or"},
{Anything, "OOK", Anything, "Uk"},
{Anything, "OOD", Anything, "Ud"},
{Anything, "OO", Anything, "u"},
{Anything, "O", "E", "@U"},
{Anything, "O", Nothing, "@U"},
{Anything, "OA", Anything, "@U"},
{Nothing, "ONLY", Anything, "@Unli"},
{Nothing, "ONCE", Anything, "wVns"},
{Anything, "ON'T", Anything, "@Unt"},
{"C", "O", "N", "0"},
{Anything, "O", "NG", "O"},
{" :^", "O", "N", "V"},
{"I", "ON", Anything, "@n"},
{"#:", "ON", Nothing, "@n"},
{"#^", "ON", Anything, "@n"},
{Anything, "O", "ST ", "@U"},
{Anything, "OF", "^", "Of"},
{Anything, "OTHER", Anything, "VD3"},
{Anything, "OSS", Nothing, "Os"},
{"#:^", "OM", Anything, "Vm"},
{Anything, "O", Anything, "0"},
{Anything, 0, Anything, Silent},
};
static Rule P_rules[] =
{
{Anything, "PH", Anything, "f"},
{Anything, "PEOP", Anything, "pip"},
{Anything, "POW", Anything, "paU"},
{Anything, "PUT", Nothing, "pUt"},
{Anything, "P", Anything, "p"},
{Anything, 0, Anything, Silent},
};
static Rule Q_rules[] =
{
{Anything, "QUAR", Anything, "kwOr"},
{Anything, "QU", Anything, "kw"},
{Anything, "Q", Anything, "k"},
{Anything, 0, Anything, Silent},
};
static Rule R_rules[] =
{
{Nothing, "RE", "^#", "ri"},
{Anything, "R", Anything, "r"},
{Anything, 0, Anything, Silent},
};
static Rule S_rules[] =
{
{Anything, "SH", Anything, "S"},
{"#", "SION", Anything, "Z@n"},
{Anything, "SOME", Anything, "sVm"},
{"#", "SUR", "#", "Z3"},
{Anything, "SUR", "#", "S3"},
{"#", "SU", "#", "Zu"},
{"#", "SSU", "#", "Su"},
{"#", "SED", Nothing, "zd"},
{"#", "S", "#", "z"},
{Anything, "SAID", Anything, "sed"},
{"^", "SION", Anything, "S@n"},
{Anything, "S", "S", ""},
{".", "S", Nothing, "z"},
{"#:.E", "S", Nothing, "z"},
{"#:^##", "S", Nothing, "z"},
{"#:^#", "S", Nothing, "s"},
{"U", "S", Nothing, "s"},
{" :#", "S", Nothing, "z"},
{Nothing, "SCH", Anything, "sk"},
{Anything, "S", "C+", ""},
{"#", "SM", Anything, "zm"},
{"#", "SN", "'", "z@n"},
{Anything, "S", Anything, "s"},
{Anything, 0, Anything, Silent},
};
static Rule T_rules[] =
{
{Nothing, "THE", Nothing, "D@"},
{Anything, "TO", Nothing, "tu"},
{Anything, "THAT", Nothing, "D&t"},
{Nothing, "THIS", Nothing, "DIs"},
{Nothing, "THEY", Anything, "DeI"},
{Nothing, "THERE", Anything, "Der"},
{Anything, "THER", Anything, "D3"},
{Anything, "THEIR", Anything, "Der"},
{Nothing, "THAN", Nothing, "D&n"},
{Nothing, "THEM", Nothing, "Dem"},
{Anything, "THESE", Nothing, "Diz"},
{Nothing, "THEN", Anything, "Den"},
{Anything, "THROUGH", Anything, "Tru"},
{Anything, "THOSE", Anything, "D@Uz"},
{Anything, "THOUGH", Nothing, "D@U"},
{Nothing, "THUS", Anything, "DVs"},
{Anything, "TH", Anything, "T"},
{"#:", "TED", Nothing, "tId"},
{"S", "TI", "#N", "tS"},
{Anything, "TI", "O", "S"},
{Anything, "TI", "A", "S"},
{Anything, "TIEN", Anything, "S@n"},
{Anything, "TUR", "#", "tS3"},
{Anything, "TU", "A", "tSu"},
{Nothing, "TWO", Anything, "tu"},
{Anything, "T", Anything, "t"},
{Anything, 0, Anything, Silent},
};
static Rule U_rules[] =
{
{Nothing, "UN", "I", "jun"},
{Nothing, "UN", Anything, "Vn"},
{Nothing, "UPON", Anything, "@pOn"},
{"T", "UR", "#", "Ur"},
{"S", "UR", "#", "Ur"},
{"R", "UR", "#", "Ur"},
{"D", "UR", "#", "Ur"},
{"L", "UR", "#", "Ur"},
{"Z", "UR", "#", "Ur"},
{"N", "UR", "#", "Ur"},
{"J", "UR", "#", "Ur"},
{"TH", "UR", "#", "Ur"},
{"CH", "UR", "#", "Ur"},
{"SH", "UR", "#", "Ur"},
{Anything, "UR", "#", "jUr"},
{Anything, "UR", Anything, "3"},
{Anything, "U", "^ ", "V"},
{Anything, "U", "^^", "V"},
{Anything, "UY", Anything, "aI"},
{" G", "U", "#", ""},
{"G", "U", "%", ""},
{"G", "U", "#", "w"},
{"#N", "U", Anything, "ju"},
{"T", "U", Anything, "u"},
{"S", "U", Anything, "u"},
{"R", "U", Anything, "u"},
{"D", "U", Anything, "u"},
{"L", "U", Anything, "u"},
{"Z", "U", Anything, "u"},
{"N", "U", Anything, "u"},
{"J", "U", Anything, "u"},
{"TH", "U", Anything, "u"},
{"CH", "U", Anything, "u"},
{"SH", "U", Anything, "u"},
{Anything, "U", Anything, "ju"},
{Anything, 0, Anything, Silent},
};
static Rule V_rules[] =
{
{Anything, "VIEW", Anything, "vju"},
{Anything, "V", Anything, "v"},
{Anything, 0, Anything, Silent},
};
static Rule W_rules[] =
{
{Nothing, "WERE", Anything, "w3"},
{Anything, "WA", "S", "w0"},
{Anything, "WA", "T", "w0"},
{Anything, "WHERE", Anything, "hwer"},
{Anything, "WHAT", Anything, "hw0t"},
{Anything, "WHOL", Anything, "h@Ul"},
{Anything, "WHO", Anything, "hu"},
{Anything, "WH", Anything, "hw"},
{Anything, "WAR", Anything, "wOr"},
{Anything, "WOR", "^", "w3"},
{Anything, "WR", Anything, "r"},
{Anything, "W", Anything, "w"},
{Anything, 0, Anything, Silent},
};
static Rule X_rules[] =
{
{Anything, "X", Anything, "ks"},
{Anything, 0, Anything, Silent},
};
static Rule Y_rules[] =
{
{Anything, "YOUNG", Anything, "jVN"},
{Nothing, "YOU", Anything, "ju"},
{Nothing, "YES", Anything, "jes"},
{Nothing, "Y", Anything, "j"},
{"#:^", "Y", Nothing, "i"},
{"#:^", "Y", "I", "i"},
{" :", "Y", Nothing, "aI"},
{" :", "Y", "#", "aI"},
{" :", "Y", "^+:#", "I"},
{" :", "Y", "^#", "aI"},
{Anything, "Y", Anything, "I"},
{Anything, 0, Anything, Silent},
};
static Rule Z_rules[] =
{
{Anything, "Z", Anything, "z"},
{Anything, 0, Anything, Silent},
};
Rule *Rules[] =
{
punct_rules,
A_rules, B_rules, C_rules, D_rules, E_rules, F_rules, G_rules,
H_rules, I_rules, J_rules, K_rules, L_rules, M_rules, N_rules,
O_rules, P_rules, Q_rules, R_rules, S_rules, T_rules, U_rules,
V_rules, W_rules, X_rules, Y_rules, Z_rules
};
These are the contents of the former NiCE NeXT User Group NeXTSTEP/OpenStep software archive, currently hosted by Netfuture.ch.