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/*
* top - a top users display for Unix
*
* SYNOPSIS: any DEC running ULTRIX V4.2 or later
*
* DESCRIPTION:
* This is the machine-dependent module for ULTRIX V4.x
* It should work on any DEC (mips or VAX) running V4.0 or later.
*
* LIBS:
*
* AUTHOR: David S. Comay <dsc@seismo.css.gov>
* patches: Alex A. Sergejew <aas@swin.oz.au>
*/
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/signal.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <nlist.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <sys/dir.h>
#include <sys/user.h>
#include <sys/proc.h>
#include <sys/dk.h>
#include <sys/vm.h>
#include <sys/file.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <machine/pte.h>
#ifdef _SIZE_T_
#include <sys/cpudata.h>
#endif
/* #define DOSWAP */
#include "top.h"
#include "machine.h"
extern int errno, sys_nerr;
extern char *sys_errlist[];
#define strerror(e) (((e) >= 0 && (e) < sys_nerr) ? sys_errlist[(e)] : "Unknown error")
#define VMUNIX "/vmunix"
#define KMEM "/dev/kmem"
#define MEM "/dev/mem"
#ifdef DOSWAP
#define SWAP "/dev/drum"
#endif
/* get_process_info passes back a handle. This is what it looks like: */
struct handle
{
struct proc **next_proc; /* points to next valid proc pointer */
int remaining; /* number of pointers remaining */
};
/* declarations for load_avg */
#include "loadavg.h"
/* define what weighted cpu is. */
#define weighted_cpu(pct, pp) ((pp)->p_time == 0 ? 0.0 : \
((pct) / (1.0 - exp((pp)->p_time * logcpu))))
/* what we consider to be process size: */
#define PROCSIZE(pp) ((pp)->p_tsize + (pp)->p_dsize + (pp)->p_ssize)
/* definitions for indices in the nlist array */
#define X_AVENRUN 0
#define X_CCPU 1
#define X_NPROC 2
#define X_PROC 3
#define X_TOTAL 4
#define X_CPUDATA 5
#define X_MPID 6
#define X_HZ 7
#define X_LOWCPU 8
#define X_HIGHCPU 9
static struct nlist nlst[] = {
{ "_avenrun" }, /* 0 */
{ "_ccpu" }, /* 1 */
{ "_nproc" }, /* 2 */
{ "_proc" }, /* 3 */
{ "_total" }, /* 4 */
{ "_cpudata" }, /* 5 */
{ "_mpid" }, /* 6 */
{ "_hz" }, /* 7 */
{ "_lowcpu" }, /* 8 */
{ "_highcpu" }, /* 9 */
{ 0 }
};
/*
* These definitions control the format of the per-process area
*/
static char header[] =
" PID X PRI NICE SIZE RES STATE TIME WCPU CPU COMMAND";
/* 0123456 -- field to fill in starts at header+6 */
#define UNAME_START 6
#define Proc_format \
"%5d %-8.8s %3d %4d%6dK %4dK %-5s%4d:%02d %5.2f%% %5.2f%% %.16s"
/* process state names for the "STATE" column of the display */
/* the extra nulls in the string "run" are for adding a slash and
the processor number when needed */
char *state_abbrev[] =
{
"", "sleep", "WAIT", "run\0\0\0", "start", "zomb", "stop"
};
static int kmem, mem;
#ifdef DOSWAP
static int swap;
#endif
/* values that we stash away in _init and use in later routines */
static double logcpu;
/* these are retrieved from the kernel in _init */
static unsigned long proc;
static int nproc;
static long hz;
static load_avg ccpu;
static int lowcpu = 0;
static int highcpu = 0;
/* these are offsets obtained via nlist and used in the get_ functions */
static unsigned long avenrun_offset;
static unsigned long mpid_offset;
static unsigned long total_offset;
static unsigned long cpudata_offset;
/* these are for calculating cpu state percentages */
static long cp_time[CPUSTATES];
static long cp_old[CPUSTATES];
static long cp_diff[CPUSTATES];
static struct cpudata *cpudata[MAXCPU];
/* these are for detailing the process states */
int process_states[7];
char *procstatenames[] = {
"", " sleeping, ", " ABANDONED, ", " running, ", " starting, ",
" zombie, ", " stopped, ",
NULL
};
/* these are for detailing the cpu states */
int cpu_states[4];
char *cpustatenames[] = {
"user", "nice", "system", "idle", NULL
};
/* these are for detailing the memory statistics */
int memory_stats[8];
char *memorynames[] = {
"Real: ", "K/", "K act/tot ", "Virtual: ", "K/",
"K act/tot ", "Free: ", "K", NULL
};
/* these are for keeping track of the proc array */
static int bytes;
static int pref_len;
static struct proc *pbase;
static struct proc **pref;
/* these are for getting the memory statistics */
static int pageshift; /* log base 2 of the pagesize */
/* define pagetok in terms of pageshift */
#define pagetok(size) ((size) << pageshift)
/* useful externals */
extern int errno;
extern char *sys_errlist[];
long lseek();
long percentages();
machine_init(statics)
struct statics *statics;
{
register int i = 0;
register int pagesize;
if ((kmem = open(KMEM, O_RDONLY)) == -1) {
perror(KMEM);
return(-1);
}
if ((mem = open(MEM, O_RDONLY)) == -1) {
perror(MEM);
return(-1);
}
#ifdef DOSWAP
if ((swap = open(SWAP, O_RDONLY)) == -1) {
perror(SWAP);
return(-1);
}
#endif
/* get the list of symbols we want to access in the kernel */
(void) nlist(VMUNIX, nlst);
if (nlst[0].n_type == 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "top: nlist failed\n");
return(-1);
}
/* make sure they were all found */
if (i > 0 && check_nlist(nlst) > 0)
{
return(-1);
}
/* get the symbol values out of kmem */
(void) getkval(nlst[X_PROC].n_value, (int *)(&proc), sizeof(proc),
nlst[X_PROC].n_name);
(void) getkval(nlst[X_NPROC].n_value, &nproc, sizeof(nproc),
nlst[X_NPROC].n_name);
(void) getkval(nlst[X_HZ].n_value, (int *)(&hz), sizeof(hz),
nlst[X_HZ].n_name);
(void) getkval(nlst[X_CCPU].n_value, (int *)(&ccpu), sizeof(ccpu),
nlst[X_CCPU].n_name);
(void) getkval(nlst[X_LOWCPU].n_value, (int *)(&lowcpu), sizeof(lowcpu),
nlst[X_LOWCPU].n_name);
(void) getkval(nlst[X_HIGHCPU].n_value, (int *)(&highcpu), sizeof(highcpu),
nlst[X_HIGHCPU].n_name);
/* stash away certain offsets for later use */
mpid_offset = nlst[X_MPID].n_value;
avenrun_offset = nlst[X_AVENRUN].n_value;
total_offset = nlst[X_TOTAL].n_value;
cpudata_offset = nlst[X_CPUDATA].n_value;
/* this is used in calculating WCPU -- calculate it ahead of time */
logcpu = log(loaddouble(ccpu));
/* allocate space for proc structure array and array of pointers */
bytes = nproc * sizeof(struct proc);
pbase = (struct proc *)malloc(bytes);
pref = (struct proc **)malloc(nproc * sizeof(struct proc *));
/* Just in case ... */
if (pbase == (struct proc *)NULL || pref == (struct proc **)NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "top: can't allocate sufficient memory\n");
return(-1);
}
/* get the page size with "getpagesize" and calculate pageshift from it */
pagesize = getpagesize();
pageshift = 0;
while (pagesize > 1)
{
pageshift++;
pagesize >>= 1;
}
/* we only need the amount of log(2)1024 for our conversion */
pageshift -= LOG1024;
/* fill in the statics information */
statics->procstate_names = procstatenames;
statics->cpustate_names = cpustatenames;
statics->memory_names = memorynames;
/* all done! */
return(0);
}
char *format_header(uname_field)
register char *uname_field;
{
register char *ptr;
ptr = header + UNAME_START;
while (*uname_field != '\0')
{
*ptr++ = *uname_field++;
}
return(header);
}
get_system_info(si)
struct system_info *si;
{
load_avg avenrun[3];
long total;
register int i;
register int ncpu;
register struct cpudata cpu;
for (i = 0; i < CPUSTATES; ++i)
{
cp_time[i] = 0;
}
(void) getkval(cpudata_offset, cpudata, sizeof(cpudata), "_cpudata");
for (ncpu = lowcpu; ncpu <= highcpu; ++ncpu)
{
if (cpudata[ncpu] != NULL) {
(void) getkval(cpudata[ncpu], &cpu, sizeof(cpu), "???");
if (cpu.cpu_state & CPU_RUN)
{
for (i = 0; i < CPUSTATES; ++i)
{
cp_time[i] += cpu.cpu_cptime[i];
}
}
}
}
/* get load average array */
(void) getkval(avenrun_offset, (int *)avenrun, sizeof(avenrun),
"_avenrun");
/* get mpid -- process id of last process */
(void) getkval(mpid_offset, &(si->last_pid), sizeof(si->last_pid),
"_mpid");
/* convert load averages to doubles */
{
register int i;
register double *infoloadp;
register load_avg *sysloadp;
infoloadp = si->load_avg;
sysloadp = avenrun;
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
*infoloadp++ = loaddouble(*sysloadp++);
}
}
/* convert cp_time counts to percentages */
total = percentages(CPUSTATES, cpu_states, cp_time, cp_old, cp_diff);
/* sum memory statistics */
{
struct vmtotal total;
/* get total -- systemwide main memory usage structure */
(void) getkval(total_offset, (int *)(&total), sizeof(total),
"_total");
/* convert memory stats to Kbytes */
memory_stats[0] = -1;
memory_stats[1] = pagetok(total.t_arm);
memory_stats[2] = pagetok(total.t_rm);
memory_stats[3] = -1;
memory_stats[4] = pagetok(total.t_avm);
memory_stats[5] = pagetok(total.t_vm);
memory_stats[6] = -1;
memory_stats[7] = pagetok(total.t_free);
}
/* set arrays and strings */
si->cpustates = cpu_states;
si->memory = memory_stats;
}
static struct handle handle;
caddr_t get_process_info(si, sel, compare)
struct system_info *si;
struct process_select *sel;
int (*compare)();
{
register int i;
register int total_procs;
register int active_procs;
register struct proc **prefp;
register struct proc *pp;
/* these are copied out of sel for speed */
int show_idle;
int show_system;
int show_uid;
int show_command;
/* read all the proc structures in one fell swoop */
(void) getkval(proc, (int *)pbase, bytes, "proc array");
/* get a pointer to the states summary array */
si->procstates = process_states;
/* set up flags which define what we are going to select */
show_idle = sel->idle;
show_system = sel->system;
show_uid = sel->uid != -1;
show_command = sel->command != NULL;
/* count up process states and get pointers to interesting procs */
total_procs = 0;
active_procs = 0;
memset((char *)process_states, 0, sizeof(process_states));
prefp = pref;
for (pp = pbase, i = 0; i < nproc; pp++, i++)
{
/*
* Place pointers to each valid proc structure in pref[].
* Process slots that are actually in use have a non-zero
* status field. Processes with SSYS set are system
* processes---these get ignored unless show_sysprocs is set.
*/
if (pp->p_stat != 0 && pp->p_stat != SIDL &&
(show_system || ((pp->p_type & SSYS) == 0)))
{
total_procs++;
process_states[pp->p_stat]++;
if ((pp->p_stat != SZOMB) &&
(pp->p_stat != SIDL) &&
#ifdef vax
(show_idle || (pp->p_pctcpu != 0.0) || (pp->p_stat == SRUN)) &&
(!show_uid || pp->p_uid == (uid_t)sel->uid))
#else
(show_idle || (pp->p_pctcpu != 0) || (pp->p_stat == SRUN)) &&
(!show_uid || pp->p_uid == (uid_t)sel->uid))
#endif
{
*prefp++ = pp;
active_procs++;
}
}
}
/* if requested, sort the "interesting" processes */
if (compare != NULL)
{
qsort((char *)pref, active_procs, sizeof(struct proc *), compare);
}
/* remember active and total counts */
si->p_total = total_procs;
si->p_active = pref_len = active_procs;
/* pass back a handle */
handle.next_proc = pref;
handle.remaining = active_procs;
return((caddr_t)&handle);
}
char fmt[MAX_COLS]; /* static area where result is built */
char *format_next_process(handle, get_userid)
caddr_t handle;
char *(*get_userid)();
{
register struct proc *pp;
register long cputime;
register double pct;
int where;
struct user u;
struct handle *hp;
/* find and remember the next proc structure */
hp = (struct handle *)handle;
pp = *(hp->next_proc++);
hp->remaining--;
/* get the process's user struct and set cputime */
where = getu(pp, &u);
if (where == -1)
{
(void) strcpy(u.u_comm, "<swapped>");
cputime = 0;
}
else
{
/* set u_comm for system processes */
if (u.u_comm[0] == '\0')
{
if (pp->p_pid == 0)
{
(void) strcpy(u.u_comm, "Swapper");
}
else if (pp->p_pid == 2)
{
(void) strcpy(u.u_comm, "Pager");
}
}
if (where == 1) {
/*
* Print swapped processes as <pname>
*/
char buf[sizeof(u.u_comm)];
(void) strncpy(buf, u.u_comm, sizeof(u.u_comm));
u.u_comm[0] = '<';
(void) strncpy(&u.u_comm[1], buf, sizeof(u.u_comm) - 2);
u.u_comm[sizeof(u.u_comm) - 2] = '\0';
(void) strncat(u.u_comm, ">", sizeof(u.u_comm) - 1);
u.u_comm[sizeof(u.u_comm) - 1] = '\0';
}
cputime = u.u_ru.ru_utime.tv_sec + u.u_ru.ru_stime.tv_sec;
}
/* calculate the base for cpu percentages */
pct = pctdouble(pp->p_pctcpu);
/* format this entry */
sprintf(fmt,
Proc_format,
pp->p_pid,
(*get_userid)(pp->p_uid),
pp->p_pri - PZERO,
pp->p_nice - NZERO,
pagetok(PROCSIZE(pp)),
pagetok(pp->p_rssize),
state_abbrev[pp->p_stat],
cputime / 60l,
cputime % 60l,
100.0 * weighted_cpu(pct, pp),
100.0 * pct,
printable(u.u_comm));
/* return the result */
return(fmt);
}
/*
* getu(p, u) - get the user structure for the process whose proc structure
* is pointed to by p. The user structure is put in the buffer pointed
* to by u. Return 0 if successful, -1 on failure (such as the process
* being swapped out).
*/
#ifdef ibm032
static struct alignuser {
char userfill[UPAGES*NBPG-sizeof (struct user)];
struct user user;
} au;
# define USERSIZE sizeof(struct alignuser)
# define GETUSER(b) (&au)
# define SETUSER(b) *(b) = au.user
#else
# define USERSIZE sizeof(struct user)
# define GETUSER(b) (b)
# define SETUSER(b) /* Nothing */
#endif
getu(p, u)
register struct proc *p;
struct user *u;
{
struct pte uptes[UPAGES];
register caddr_t upage;
register struct pte *pte;
register nbytes, n;
/*
* Check if the process is currently loaded or swapped out. The way we
* get the u area is totally different for the two cases. For this
* application, we just don't bother if the process is swapped out.
*/
if ((p->p_sched & SLOAD) == 0) {
#ifdef DOSWAP
if (lseek(swap, (long)dtob(p->p_swaddr), 0) == -1) {
perror("lseek(swap)");
return(-1);
}
if (read(swap, (char *) GETUSER(u), USERSIZE) != USERSIZE) {
perror("read(swap)");
return(-1);
}
SETUSER(u);
return (1);
#else
return(-1);
#endif
}
/*
* Process is currently in memory, we hope!
*/
if (!getkval((unsigned long)p->p_addr, (int *)uptes, sizeof(uptes),
"!p->p_addr"))
{
#ifdef DEBUG
perror("getkval(uptes)");
#endif
/* we can't seem to get to it, so pretend it's swapped out */
return(-1);
}
upage = (caddr_t) GETUSER(u);
pte = uptes;
for (nbytes = USERSIZE; nbytes > 0; nbytes -= NBPG) {
(void) lseek(mem, (long)(pte++->pg_pfnum * NBPG), 0);
#ifdef DEBUG
perror("lseek(mem)");
#endif
n = MIN(nbytes, NBPG);
if (read(mem, upage, n) != n) {
#ifdef DEBUG
perror("read(mem)");
#endif
/* we can't seem to get to it, so pretend it's swapped out */
return(-1);
}
upage += n;
}
SETUSER(u);
return(0);
}
/*
* check_nlist(nlst) - checks the nlist to see if any symbols were not
* found. For every symbol that was not found, a one-line
* message is printed to stderr. The routine returns the
* number of symbols NOT found.
*/
int check_nlist(nlst)
register struct nlist *nlst;
{
register int i;
/* check to see if we got ALL the symbols we requested */
/* this will write one line to stderr for every symbol not found */
i = 0;
while (nlst->n_name != NULL)
{
if (nlst->n_type == 0)
{
/* this one wasn't found */
fprintf(stderr, "kernel: no symbol named `%s'\n", nlst->n_name);
i = 1;
}
nlst++;
}
return(i);
}
/*
* getkval(offset, ptr, size, refstr) - get a value out of the kernel.
* "offset" is the byte offset into the kernel for the desired value,
* "ptr" points to a buffer into which the value is retrieved,
* "size" is the size of the buffer (and the object to retrieve),
* "refstr" is a reference string used when printing error meessages,
* if "refstr" starts with a '!', then a failure on read will not
* be fatal (this may seem like a silly way to do things, but I
* really didn't want the overhead of another argument).
*
*/
getkval(offset, ptr, size, refstr)
unsigned long offset;
int *ptr;
int size;
char *refstr;
{
if (lseek(kmem, (long)offset, L_SET) == -1) {
if (*refstr == '!')
refstr++;
(void) fprintf(stderr, "%s: lseek to %s: %s\n", KMEM,
refstr, strerror(errno));
quit(23);
}
if (read(kmem, (char *) ptr, size) == -1) {
if (*refstr == '!')
return(0);
else {
(void) fprintf(stderr, "%s: reading %s: %s\n", KMEM,
refstr, strerror(errno));
quit(23);
}
}
return(1);
}
/* comparison routine for qsort */
/*
* proc_compare - comparison function for "qsort"
* Compares the resource consumption of two processes using five
* distinct keys. The keys (in descending order of importance) are:
* percent cpu, cpu ticks, state, resident set size, total virtual
* memory usage. The process states are ordered as follows (from least
* to most important): WAIT, zombie, sleep, stop, start, run. The
* array declaration below maps a process state index into a number
* that reflects this ordering.
*/
static unsigned char sorted_state[] =
{
0, /* not used */
3, /* sleep */
1, /* ABANDONED (WAIT) */
6, /* run */
5, /* start */
2, /* zombie */
4 /* stop */
};
proc_compare(pp1, pp2)
struct proc **pp1;
struct proc **pp2;
{
register struct proc *p1;
register struct proc *p2;
register int result;
register pctcpu lresult;
/* remove one level of indirection */
p1 = *pp1;
p2 = *pp2;
/* compare percent cpu (pctcpu) */
#ifdef vax
if ((lresult = p2->p_pctcpu - p1->p_pctcpu) == 0.0)
#else
if ((lresult = p2->p_pctcpu - p1->p_pctcpu) == 0)
#endif
{
/* use cpticks to break the tie */
if ((result = p2->p_cpticks - p1->p_cpticks) == 0)
{
/* use process state to break the tie */
if ((result = sorted_state[p2->p_stat] -
sorted_state[p1->p_stat]) == 0)
{
/* use priority to break the tie */
if ((result = p2->p_pri - p1->p_pri) == 0)
{
/* use resident set size (rssize) to break the tie */
if ((result = p2->p_rssize - p1->p_rssize) == 0)
{
/* use total memory to break the tie */
result = PROCSIZE(p2) - PROCSIZE(p1);
}
}
}
}
}
else
{
result = lresult < 0 ? -1 : 1;
}
return(result);
}
/*
* proc_owner(pid) - returns the uid that owns process "pid", or -1 if
* the process does not exist.
* It is EXTREMLY IMPORTANT that this function work correctly.
* If top runs setuid root (as in SVR4), then this function
* is the only thing that stands in the way of a serious
* security problem. It validates requests for the "kill"
* and "renice" commands.
*/
int proc_owner(pid)
int pid;
{
register int cnt;
register struct proc **prefp;
register struct proc *pp;
prefp = pref;
cnt = pref_len;
while (--cnt >= 0)
{
if ((pp = *prefp++)->p_pid == (pid_t)pid)
{
return((int)pp->p_uid);
}
}
return(-1);
}
These are the contents of the former NiCE NeXT User Group NeXTSTEP/OpenStep software archive, currently hosted by Netfuture.ch.